Top 10 Tips to useful for the Social Bookmarking

Top 10 Tips to useful for the Social Bookmarking

SEO organizations and firms charge dollars for expert SEO administrations to their customers and the customers pays them joyfully in light of the fact that they get compelling results. 

Image Credts : meetcalebwright

Why these individuals pay dollars to the organization in the event that they can learn SEO themselves by perusing online instructional exercises and rehearsing on them? The purpose for this is that if flawless Search Engine Optimization can develop your website positioning then over and terrible SEO can destroy your site totally. 

That is the reason it's a superior alternative to contribute some cash on your website improvement. This venture will give you different times of advantages and your online business will develop. These organizations chips away at numerous methods to enhance a site to get it at top significant web indexes and today in this post I'll examine around one of the best SEO techniques that is Social Bookmarking which goes under Off Page SEO. 

The majority of the amateur bloggers who begin taking in SEO from perusing online instructional exercises prohibit this system from their SEO arranges in light of the accompanying reasons. 

They don't mindful with Social Bookmarking. 

They don't have fitting learning of how to do it for SEO. 

They feel it as an exercise in futility to submit joins on different social bookmarking locales. 

Whatever the reason yet we ought not overlook Social Bookmarking for better blog advancement. Today in this post we will examine about what is Social Bookmarking, how it lives up to expectations in SEO and what are its advantages. 

What is Social Bookmarking? 

Social bookmarking is an approach to bookmark our most loved site pages online to peruse them whenever and anyplace on the off chance that we are joined with the web. 

Why Social Bookmarking Comes? 

When we surf the web for the data, we bookmarked some site pages in our program so we can read them later without surfing the web once more. 

But since of any reason if our program get smashed or our framework get designed or on the off chance that we are not at the front of that PC where we spare our bookmark then we can't get to them. 

We need to again surf the web to seek those pages. To beat this issue social bookmarking comes. Presently we can utilize our bookmarks effectively from any area utilizing any PC which is joined by the web. 

How Social Bookmarking Helps in SEO? 

The website pages we bookmarked at social bookmarking locales is considered as a quality backlink according to web indexes. 

What's more, we all realize that the quality backlinks helps us to build website activity and Google Page Rank. That is the reason SEO experts incorporate SB in their website streamlining practices. 

How to do Social Bookmarking for SEO?

Making SB is not an extreme showing. Everybody can do it in the wake of figuring out how to do it. 

In the first place you need to gather a rundown of top social bookmarking locales with the goal that you can without much of a stretch begin your work on them. You can utilize this Social Bookmarking List to begin the procedure. 

When you are prepared with the rundown, take after underneath ventures to do SB. 

In this instructional exercise I'm taking a case of an extremely well known SB site i.e StumbleUpon.com 

1. Go to www.StumbleUpon.com. 
2. Make a record or you can likewise sign in with your facebook account. 
3. Presently tap on the little drop down bolt alongside your username at the upper right corner and pick Add a Page. 
4. Presently fill a basic structure with the fitting data about your website page like site page address, class, labels and so on and click on Add This Page catch. 

You are finished! 

Note: Don't begin presenting your connections in social bookmarking destinations in the wake of perusing this instructional exercise. 

The accommodation ought to be in a fitting manner with the goal that you blog dependably get free from any SEO punishments in light of the fact that I have officially said that wrong SEO can destroy your online journal positioning

What is Mean by Backlinks in Seo and Its Advantages

“Backlinks” is one of the most used word in the world of search engine optimization. Many bloggers who have only recently started a blog or a website often struggle to understand what the term “backlink” means. In this post, I hope you offer you an understanding of what backlinks are and why they are essential to SEO and your online success.

Let’s get started:

Backlinks are incoming links to a webpage. When a web page links to any other page, it’s called a backlink. In the past, backlinks were the major metric for the ranking of a web page. A page with a lot of backlinks tends to rank higher with all major search engines, including Google.  Here is a glossary of common terms related to backlinks that you should know:

• Link Juice: When a web page links to any of your articles or your website’s homepage, it passes the link juice. This link juice helps with the ranking of the article, and also improves the domain authority. As a blogger, you can stop passing the link juice by using a nofollow tag.
• Nofollow Link: When a website links to another website, but the link has a nofollow tag, that link does not pass the link juice. Nofollow links are not useful concerning the ranking of a page, as they do not contribute anything.  In general, a webmaster uses the nofollow tag when he is linking out to an unreliable site. Example: Links from comments on other blogs.
• Do-follow link: By default, all the links that you add in a blog post are do-follow links, and these pass the link juice.
• Linking Root Domains: This refers to the number of backlinks coming to your website from a unique domain. Even if a website has linked to your website ten times, it would be considered as the one-linked root domain.
• Low-Quality Links: Low-quality links are links that come from harvested sites, automated sites, spam sites or even porn sites. Such links do far more harm than good. This is one reason you should be careful when buying backlinks.
• Internal Links: Links that are going from one page to another within the same domain are called internal links, and the process itself is referred to as internal linking.
• Anchor Text: Text that is used to hyperlink is called anchor text. Anchor text backlinks work great when you are trying to rank for particular keywords.

Advantages of backlinks in SEO:

Before I talk about the advantages of backlinks, you need to know that much has changed concerning backlinks in the past couple of years. There was a time when even low-quality links helped in ranking a site.  But since Google rolled out its Penguin algorithm, the whole landscape of backlinking has changed.

It is important to have backlinks from quality sites, and the backlinks should be contextual. If, for example, you have a site about fish, and you are creating links from other niche sites, these will be of no use. Your goal should be getting links from authoritative and relevant sites.

Now let’s take a look at why it is important for you to create backlinks to your site:

Improves organic ranking:

Backlinks help in getting better search engine rankings. If any of your content is getting organic links from other sites, that content will naturally rank higher with search engines. Your goal should be to create links to individual posts/pages along with your homepage.

Faster indexing of site:

Backlinks help search engine bots to discover links to your site and to crawl your site effectively. Especially for a new website, it is important to get backlinks as they help in the faster discovery and indexing of your sites.

Referral traffic:

One of the major benefits of backlinks is that they help to get referral traffic. Usually, referral traffic is targeted and has a low bounce rate.

How to start getting backlinks:

So now you understand what the term “backlink” means as it relates to SEO. Now it’s time to learn a few simple techniques for generating backlinks to your site.

One important fact that you need to keep in mind about backlink SEO is that it is not the number of backlinks which matters, but rather the quality of backlinks. If you are using some paid services to get links to your site, you are likely to be penalized by Google Penguin’s algo in the future.

What are some of the ways to get quality backlinks for your blog?

• Write awesome articles.
• Start commenting.
• Submit to web directories.

Write awesome articles

This is the best and most simple way to get backlinks for your blog. Tutorials and top-ten list articles are a couple of good examples of the types of posts that have great potential for getting backlinks from other websites as references. Such articles are based on proper research and practical examples.

Start commenting

Comments are an excellent, easy and free way to get backlinks. Start commenting on dofollow forums, dofollow blogs and also on WordPress blogs using top commentator plugins.

The latest news has suggested that nofollow links don’t matter all that much but start commenting on any blog, and you will benefit with link juice. Commenting helps you to get solid one-way backlinks as well as more traffic and better search engine visibility.

Submit to web directories

Submitting your blog to web directories is another of the easy ways to get backlinks. With that said, this method is not very popular these days, because finding a legal web directory is not easy. You must especially avoid those web directories that ask you to create a backlink to their website to get their website into a directory.

Also important – if you are using any automatic direct submission tactics, stop doing so right away.  Automatic website submission will cause your blog to appear to be spam, and it can cost you a lot in terms of your page rank or even cause the complete removal of your blog from the search engines.

I hope this article will help you to understand the basics of backlinks in SEO, and why you should start working on getting backlinks for your blog.

Do you currently work on getting backlinks for your blog?  Tell us about your experiences in the comments section below.

If you find the information in this post useful, please share it with your friends and colleagues on Facebook, Twitter and Google Plus.

Top Ways to create a blog

As a blogger you are aware of all conventional promotional technique for blog promotion and now you must be looking for some more tips to take it to next level. The world is not a small place. Here we got many awesome gaps to fill it with our blog. In this article, lemme walk you through some extra ways to advertise for free and promote your blog real-time.

After reading this article, you might think that I’m a crazy blogger. If you think so. ! Whoa! You are absolutely right :D . I do some crazy stuffs to push my blog to the next level and survive on the internet. Boo Boo Kakaa !

Okay, lemme not get your bored. Let’s dive into the ways, shall we?

So, you wanna promote your blog for free and effectively. Right? Then hold on to your keyboards and gear up your mouse near the scroll bar.

6 Ways for free Blog promotion which you not

thinking of:

(1) Make Use of the Facebook Covers.

Facebook’s cover feature is a great idea to place your blog in a wide and eye catching place on profiles. You can upload and use any picture you want to give it a display.

Then why not try advertise on that area? I’m pretty sure you don’t want to miss a wide, big space on the Facebook.com domain. Do you? :)

So go on and create a professional cover picture, add your blog address or blog name at the very bottom-right corner of it. Make sure the text stands out and roll it over to all the places you can.

• Use that pic as your Facebook Cover Picture.
• You might have a bunch of newbies or supportive buddies on your Facebook friend list. Give them the image and ask them to use it as their cover picture.
• If you or your friend have a popular Facebook group, just flag up your cover picture there too. 

(2)Be the comment star.

Yeah! You spelled it right. It’s not a comet start or something. It’s Comment.

Imagine that you are reading a fantastic article on the web, and you liked it. At the end you see some pretty big discussion and there is one guy who stand out at the discussion. There is no doubt that you will think about that comment and stare right at him.

So, go target an authority blog. -> Draw all the attention towards you and your blog by being a professional.

I’ve written a post on Commenting on Other Blogs for love recently which you might want to read for a better view.

• Wish,

• Talk about the post,

• Criticize,

• Point out something new,

• Congratulate,

• And Say something ‘Cool’ at the end.

Keep these things in mind while you comment. It will be worth it! ;)

(3)Share some Music.

You might be thinking, “how on earth could you promote your blog by sharing music”.

Well, actually you can. It’s something I’ve tried and made sure it works.

Music

I’m sure you have your own collection of music albums or DJ songs on your PC and a bunch of friend. You can hopefully edit or set the information details of the music files with your computer. There are some software like mp3tag which you can use it to edit the music details and set new music cover.  Why don’t you then make use of that? Still confused? You wouldn’t be. Create a 250*250 image with your blog address under it and set it as the cover pic. Edit the comment from the tagline suiting your blog and you are done.

When next time you play the song, you will have your own music featured picture up and running on the player with your blog link. Tadaaa!
Tell me about it at the end.

(4) Video Watermarking.

This one works exactly like sharing songs. There are many watermarking software out there you can download for free and use.

Host up your Blog address as the transparent water mark at the side of the video and share it. Do it on all of your movies and video files. This is a great way to promote your blog and gain some movie guys as your readers.

Make sure your friends get em’.

Well, let’s get the promotion outside the online box. Shall we? ! Why don’t we give it a try on the offline world to gain some attention?

(5) Scratch on the Classroom Benches. 

Classrooms are where the teenage life get’s boiled on. Your benches might probably be filled with rough scratches, mafia languages and secret codes. Some benches are like a love registration directory, where we can see the names of lovers wrapped in a Love/Heart sign. ♥ ! Don’t forget to tell me if you have seen it too.

It’s time you find a plane space and start scratching. I think I don’t need to tell you more about it. I’m pretty sure you know what to do.
Make it catch some eye by using various inks and special effects :D

Wall Paint

(6) Let’s hit the Public.

There is a whole big world out of your computer room and know it. Let us step outside with the markers, paints and scratchy tools to do some extra advertising. Shall we? :D

The public places are probably the best area to advertise your blog. Hundreds of people walk along these roads and you can surely grab some serious readers by making use of these areas.
I know this is gonna be a little funny and crazy thing to do. But trust me on this :D

• Scratch on the Public Toilets and Rooms.
  Hehe, that’s where people finally reaches to throw away some junk and patiently. :D ! Go get em’.
  But don’t actually get them while they are in these places. But make use of them :D !
  Hehe haha! I know what you are thinking you idiots. :D I didn’t mean that you crazy fella! :D

Paint those walls and Scratch those roofs. Display your blog around so they will inject something into their heads before leaving.

• Scratch The Walls.
• Go around the street with your painting tools and advertise in style. I think there is no need to tell you much about it.
• But make sure you don’t get behind the bars for destroying the public property :D

• Scratch on Buses.
  Now that’s a moving advertisement. Ain’t they? Stick your home made stickers and draw some ad for yourself on buses and trains to grab some travelling people.

Source : Shoutmeloud

6 Best Ways To Promote Your Blog For Free - BloGGingPlace

As a blogger you are aware of all conventional promotional technique for blog promotion and now you must be looking for some more tips to take it to next level. The world is not a small place. Here we got many awesome gaps to fill it with our blog. In this article, lemme walk you through some extra ways to advertise for free and promote your blog real-time.

After reading this article, you might think that I’m a crazy blogger. If you think so. ! Whoa! You are absolutely right :D . I do some crazy stuffs to push my blog to the next level and survive on the internet. Boo Boo Kakaa !

Okay, lemme not get your bored. Let’s dive into the ways, shall we?

So, you wanna promote your blog for free and effectively. Right? Then hold on to your keyboards and gear up your mouse near the scroll bar.

6 Ways for free Blog promotion which you not

thinking of:

(1) Make Use of the Facebook Covers.

Facebook’s cover feature is a great idea to place your blog in a wide and eye catching place on profiles. You can upload and use any picture you want to give it a display.

Then why not try advertise on that area? I’m pretty sure you don’t want to miss a wide, big space on the Facebook.com domain. Do you? :)

So go on and create a professional cover picture, add your blog address or blog name at the very bottom-right corner of it. Make sure the text stands out and roll it over to all the places you can.

• Use that pic as your Facebook Cover Picture.
• You might have a bunch of newbies or supportive buddies on your Facebook friend list. Give them the image and ask them to use it as their cover picture.
• If you or your friend have a popular Facebook group, just flag up your cover picture there too. 

(2)Be the comment star.

Yeah! You spelled it right. It’s not a comet start or something. It’s Comment.

Imagine that you are reading a fantastic article on the web, and you liked it. At the end you see some pretty big discussion and there is one guy who stand out at the discussion. There is no doubt that you will think about that comment and stare right at him.

So, go target an authority blog. -> Draw all the attention towards you and your blog by being a professional.

I’ve written a post on Commenting on Other Blogs for love recently which you might want to read for a better view.

• Wish,

• Talk about the post,

• Criticize,

• Point out something new,

• Congratulate,

• And Say something ‘Cool’ at the end.

Keep these things in mind while you comment. It will be worth it! ;)

(3)Share some Music.

You might be thinking, “how on earth could you promote your blog by sharing music”.

Well, actually you can. It’s something I’ve tried and made sure it works.

Music

I’m sure you have your own collection of music albums or DJ songs on your PC and a bunch of friend. You can hopefully edit or set the information details of the music files with your computer. There are some software like mp3tag which you can use it to edit the music details and set new music cover.  Why don’t you then make use of that? Still confused? You wouldn’t be. Create a 250*250 image with your blog address under it and set it as the cover pic. Edit the comment from the tagline suiting your blog and you are done.

When next time you play the song, you will have your own music featured picture up and running on the player with your blog link. Tadaaa!
Tell me about it at the end.

(4) Video Watermarking.

This one works exactly like sharing songs. There are many watermarking software out there you can download for free and use.

Host up your Blog address as the transparent water mark at the side of the video and share it. Do it on all of your movies and video files. This is a great way to promote your blog and gain some movie guys as your readers.

Make sure your friends get em’.

Well, let’s get the promotion outside the online box. Shall we? ! Why don’t we give it a try on the offline world to gain some attention?

(5) Scratch on the Classroom Benches. 

Classrooms are where the teenage life get’s boiled on. Your benches might probably be filled with rough scratches, mafia languages and secret codes. Some benches are like a love registration directory, where we can see the names of lovers wrapped in a Love/Heart sign. ♥ ! Don’t forget to tell me if you have seen it too.

It’s time you find a plane space and start scratching. I think I don’t need to tell you more about it. I’m pretty sure you know what to do.
Make it catch some eye by using various inks and special effects :D

Wall Paint

(6) Let’s hit the Public.

There is a whole big world out of your computer room and know it. Let us step outside with the markers, paints and scratchy tools to do some extra advertising. Shall we? :D

The public places are probably the best area to advertise your blog. Hundreds of people walk along these roads and you can surely grab some serious readers by making use of these areas.
I know this is gonna be a little funny and crazy thing to do. But trust me on this :D

• Scratch on the Public Toilets and Rooms.
  Hehe, that’s where people finally reaches to throw away some junk and patiently. :D ! Go get em’.
  But don’t actually get them while they are in these places. But make use of them :D !
  Hehe haha! I know what you are thinking you idiots. :D I didn’t mean that you crazy fella! :D

Paint those walls and Scratch those roofs. Display your blog around so they will inject something into their heads before leaving.

• Scratch The Walls.
• Go around the street with your painting tools and advertise in style. I think there is no need to tell you much about it.
• But make sure you don’t get behind the bars for destroying the public property :D

• Scratch on Buses.
  Now that’s a moving advertisement. Ain’t they? Stick your home made stickers and draw some ad for yourself on buses and trains to grab some travelling people.

Source : Shoutmeloud

How to Increase blog Traffic via Social Media

How to Increase blog Traffic via Social Media

There are many ways to increase blog traffic with social media marketing, but to get the best results, you need to learn how to use social media marketing like the experts do.

There are many books by social media marketing experts that you can read to learn about the topic which are written by a variety of experienced pros. To get you started, here are some of the basic tricks of the trade.

Follow these tips, and you'll see traffic to your blog from social media sites increase.

1. Diversify the Content You Share

If you want to increase blog traffic via social media, then you need to understand a very important rule that experienced social media marketers abide by. You must publish and share morecontent that is not self-promotional than content that is self-promotional.

Social media marketers typically follow the 80-20 rule, which says that at least 80% of the content you publish and share on social media should not be self-promotional. No more than 20% of the content you publish and share should be self-promotional. Following this rule will give your social media activities a good balance that won't turn off your followers.

Bottom-line, you don't want people to think all you do is advertise your own content all the time.

2. Be Social and Increase Traffic

Yes, the word "social" is in the phrase social media marketing, so it makes sense that in order to be successful in using social media marketing to boost blog traffic, you need to be social.

That means you need to respond to people who reach out to you via social media, and you need to initiate engagement by reaching out to other people, too. Don't just broadcast. Engage!

3. Stay Organized and Learn How to Prioritize

Social media can be overwhelming, so it's important that you prioritize your activities by getting organized. There are many social media management tools that can help you do both. Try HootSuite or TweetDeck to streamline your tasks. Both offer free accounts that are suitable for bloggers.

4. Maintain Your Sources

Develop lists of influencers and sources that you like to curate content from and create Twitter lists to help you follow them more efficiently. Set up a free Feedly account to manage your blog subscriptions.

If you use a social media management tool like Sprout Social, you can even import your Feedly feeds into your account to make sharing via your social media profiles even easier (and quicker).

5. Stay Visible in Social Media

If you don't stay active on social media, people will forget you quickly. However, it's impossible to run a blog, take care of your personal life, do your day job, and stay active on social media 24x7. You have to sleep!

Fortunately, there are many tools that you can use to schedule social media updates and sharing when you're not at your computer, tablet, or smartphone. Try Buffer, HootSuite, TweetDeck, and other social media scheduling and management tools to see which works best for you (and has a price tag you can afford). Remember, many of these tools are free, or at least, they offer a free account option with limited features. For bloggers, those limited features are usually adequate.

It's important to note that you shouldn't just schedule content to publish on your social media profiles. You still need to be social, and you do need to post real-time content, too. No one wants to follow a robot.

Source:www.about.com

HAWKEYE-Abstract & seminars pdf download

                           ABSTRACT OF HAWKEYE

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD

:

         In the 1970s, the world hockey champions had a coach who inspired them by insisting that they start every match, by imagining they were 0-3 down. “A goal for your weaknesses, another for your opponent’s strengths and a third for umpiring errors.” In the past few decades, skepticism about umpiring follies hasn’t abated. In the world of sports, where stakes are increasing by every passing minute and an erroneous line-call can mean change of fortunes, there is an increasing reliance on technology to ensure that all arbitrations are unbiased. The component of human error in making judgments of crucial decisions often turns out to be decisive. It is not uncommon to see matches turning from being interesting to being one sided due to a couple of bad umpiring decisions. There is thus a need to bring in technology to try and minimize the chances of human error in such decision making.

       Teams across the world are becoming more and more professional with the way they play the game. Teams now have official strategists and technical support staff which help players to study their past games and improve. Devising strategies against opponent teams or specific players is also very common in modern day sports. All this has become possible due to the advent of technology. Technological developments have been harnessed to collect various data very precisely and use it for various purposes.
      The HawkEye is one such technology which is considered to be really top notch in sports. The basic idea is to monitor the trajectory of the ball during the entire duration of play. This data is then processed to produce life like visualizations showing the paths which the ball took. Such data has been used for various purposes, popular uses including the LBW decision making software and colorful wagon wheels showing various statistics. The HAWKEYE is one of the most commonly used technologies in the game of cricket today. It has been put to a variety of uses, such as providing a way to collect interesting statistics, generate very suggestive visual representations of the game play and even helping viewers to better understand the umpiring decisions, especially in the case of LBWs.

Why Hawk-Eye?

Hawk-Eye is the most sophisticated officiating tool used in any sport. It is accurate, reliable and practical: fans now expect and demand it to be a part of every event. Hawk-Eye first made its name in Cricket broadcasting, yet the brand has diversified into Tennis, Snooker and Coaching. Hawk-Eye is currently developing a system for Football. In Tennis the technology is an integral part of the ATP, WTA and ITF tennis tours, featuring at the Masters Cup in Shanghai, the US Open, and the Australian Open etc. Hawk-Eye is the only ball-tracking device to have passed stringent ITF testing measures. Hawk-Eye offers a unique blend of innovation, experience and accuracy that has revolutionized the sporting world. The system is the most technologically advanced cricket coaching system in the world. It will provide valuable information to players, coaches and umpires to enable them to identify faults, measure performance and improvement, focus on specific areas, improve tactical awareness and provide a level of realism never before achieved in a net environment.

Hawk eye technology since from its beginning has gained huge popularity due to its highly innovative and state of the art features. Though initially it was made for the benefit of umpires regarding decisions in cricket but now it is being used in tennis, snooker, video games and also for enhancing military strength. While the system provides for things which we see every day on television, there is very impressive technology going into it, which many of us are oblivious to.

All Hawk-Eye systems are based on the principles of triangulation using the visual images and timing data provided by at least four high-speed video cameras located at different locations and angles around the area of play. The system rapidly processes the video feeds by a high-speed video processor and ball tracker. A data store contains a predefined model of the playing area and includes data on the rules of the game. In each frame sent from each camera, the system identifies the group of pixels which corresponds to the image of the ball. It then calculates for each frame the 3D position of the ball by comparing its position on at least two of the physically separate cameras at the same instant in time. A succession of frames builds up a record of the path along which the ball has travelled. It also "predicts" the future flight path of the ball and where it will interact with any of the playing area features already programmed into the database. The system can also interpret these interactions to decide infringements of the rules of the game. The system generates a graphic image of the ball path and playing area, which means that information can be provided to judges, television viewers or coaching staff in near real time

Principle of hawk eye:

A hawk Eye system is based on the principle of 'triangulation' in geometry. Triangulation is the process of determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from known points at either end of a fixed base line. Triangulation is the process of finding coordinates and distance to a point by calculating the length of one side of a triangle, given measurements of angles and sides of the triangle formed by that point and two other known reference points, using the law of sin.

 Therefore

The coordinates and distance to a point can be found by calculating the length of one side of a triangle, given measurements of angles and sides of the triangle formed by that point and two other known reference points. The formulas can be applied in flat or Euclidean geometry.

Step-by-step details of the HAWKEYE system:

In this section, we go into the technical details of the steps involved in the HAWKEYE system. The process, as done before, can be broken down into the following steps (we will mainly concentrate on working of Hack-Eye in a cricket field);

1. The cameras: 

Typically, for a cricket field, 6 cameras are used. These cameras are placed around the field at roughly the places as indicated in the diagram below:
                                                

Fig: The position of cameras around the field

As one can see, the 6 cameras in use are positioned at roughly sixty degree from each other. They are placed high in the stands, so that there is lesser chance of their view being blocked by the fielders. There are two cameras, one each looking at the wickets directly in sideways fashion. These 6 cameras are calibrated according to the distance they are at from the pitch. In order to get good accuracy, one needs to restrict the view of each camera to a smaller region. This means each camera image would show a more prominent picture of the ball and hence the ball will be located more accurately. However, we also need to keep in mind that the whole field of play has to be covered by just the 6 cameras which are available. This puts some limitation on how restricted the view of a camera can be. Nevertheless, the accuracy obtained by using 6 cameras is acceptable to the standards prevalent today.

References:

1) Video Processor Systems for Ball Tracking in Ball Games.
2) www.hawkeyeinnovations.co.uk
3) www.wikipedia.org
4) www.therulesofcricket.co.uk

Electonic Waste(E-waste)-Abstract & Seminar

                                Elecronic Waste(E-waste)

CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD ABSTRACT

Electronic waste or e-waste is any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance. E-waste includes computers, entertainment electronics, mobile phones and other items that have been discarded by their original users. E-waste is the inevitable by-product of a technological revolution. Driven primarily by faster, smaller and cheaper microchip technology, society is experiencing an evolution in the capability of electronic appliances and personal electronics. For all its benefits, innovation brings with it the byproduct of rapid obsolescence. According to the EPA, nationally, an estimated 5 to 7 million tons of computers, televisions, stereos, cell phones, electronic appliances and toys, and other electronic gadgets become obsolete every year. According to various reports, electronics comprise approximately 1 - 4 percent of the municipal solid waste stream. The electronic waste problem will continue to grow at an accelerated rate. Electronic, or e-waste, refers to electronic products being discarded by consumers. 

Introduction of E-Waste 

•  E-waste is the most rapidly growing waste problem in the world.

•  It is a crisis of not quantity alone but also a crisis born from toxics ingredients, posing a threat to the occupational health as well as the environment.

•  Rapid technology change, low initial cost, high obsolescence rate have resulted in a fast growing problem around the globe.

•  Legal framework, proper collection system missing.

•  Imports regularly coming to the recycling markets.

•  Inhuman working conditions for recycling.

•  Between 1997 and 2007, nearly 500 million personal computers became obsolete-almost two computers for each person.

•  750,000 computers expected to end up in landfills this year alone.

•  In 2005, 42 million computers were discarded

•  25 million in storage
 
•  4 million recycled

•  13 million land filled

•  0.5 million incinerated

IT and telecom are two fastest growing industries in the country. 

•  India, by 2008, should achieve a PC penetration of 65 per 1,000 from the existing 14 per 1,000 (MAIT)

•  At present, India has 15 million computers. The target being 75 million computers by 2010.

•  Over 2 million old PCs ready for disposal in India.

•  Life of a computer reduced from 7 years to 3-5 years.

•  E-Waste: Growth Over 75 million current mobile users, expected to increase to 200 million by 2007 end.

•  Memory devices, MP3 players, iPods etc. are the newer additions.

•  Preliminary estimates suggest that total WEEE generation in India is approximately 1, 46,000 tonnes per year.

E-waste: It's implications :

•  Electronic products often contain hazardous and toxic materials that pose environmental risks if they are land filled or incinerated . 

•  Televisions, video and computer monitors use cathode ray tubes (CRTs), which have significant amounts of lead. 

•  Printed circuit boards contain primarily plastic and copper , and most have small amounts of chromium, lead solder, nickel, and zinc.

•  In addition, many electronic products have batteries that often contain nickel, cadmium, and other heavy metals . Relays and switches in electronics, especially older ones, may contain mercury

•  Also , capacitors in some types of older and larger equipment that is now entering the waste stream may contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) . 

You can reduce the environmental impact of your E-Waste by making changes in your buying habits, looking for ways to reuse including donating or recycling. Preventing waste to begin with is the preferred waste management option. Consider, for example, upgrading or repairing instead of buying new equipment to extend the life of your current equipment and perhaps save money. If you must buy new equipment, consider donating your still working, unwanted electronic equipment. 

This reuse extends the life of the products and allows non-profits, churches, schools and community organizations to have equipment they otherwise may not be able to afford. In South Carolina, for example, Habitat for Humanity Resale Stores, Goodwill and other similar organizations may accept working computers. When buying new equipment, check with the retailer or manufacturer to see if they have a "take-back program" that allows consumers to return old equipment when buying new equipment. Dell Computers, for example, became the first manufacturer to set up a program to take back any of its products anywhere in the world at no charge to the consumer. And, when buying, consider products with longer warranties as an indication of long-term quality.